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Vibrio tapetis  is a Gram-negative bacterium that causes infections of mollusk bivalves and fish. The Brown Ring Disease (BRD) is an infection caused by  V. tapetis  that primarily affects the Manila clam  Ruditapes philippinarum . Recent studies have shown that a type IV secretion system (T4SS) gene cluster is exclusively found in strains of  V. tapetis  pathogenic to clams. However, whether the T4SS is implicated or not during the infection process remains unknown. The aim of this study was to create and characterize a  V. tapetis  T4SS null mutant, obtained by a near-complete deletion of the  virB4  gene, in order to determine the role of T4SS in the development of BRD. This study demonstrated that the T4SS is neither responsible for the loss of hemocyte adhesion capacities, nor for the decrease of the lysosomal activity during BRD. Nevertheless, we observed a 50% decrease of the BRD prevalence and a decrease of mortality dynamics with the Δ virB4  mutant. This work demonstrates that the T4SS of  V. tapetis  plays an important role in the development of BRD in the Manila clam.

frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology

Implication of the Type IV Secretion System in the Pathogenicity of Vibrio tapetis, the Etiological Agent of Brown Ring Disease Affecting the Manila Clam Ruditapes philippinarum