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A novel species of  Penicillium , proposed as  P .  linzhiense  sp.nov was isolated from soil collected in Linzhi Town, Linzhi County, Tibet Autonomous Region, China. DNA sequence analyses from eight different gene regions indicate that the isolate represents a novel species and most closely related to  P .  janczewskii . The phylogenetic analysis based on a concatenated dataset of three genes, ITS,  CaM , and  BenA , also confirmed the placement of the novel species within the  Canescentia  section of the genus  Penicillium . Differences in morphology among similar species are detailed and single gene phylogenies based on ITS,  CaM  and  BenA  genes as well as a multi-loci gene phylogeny are presented. Cultural studies were performed to study inhibitory activities on plant pathogens. The results reveal a notable antifungal activity against  Pyricularia oryzae  causing rice blast with an inhibition rate up to 77%, while for other three citrus pathogens,  Diaporthe citri ,  Phyllosticta citrichinaensis , and  Colletotrichum gloeosporioides , inhibition rate was 40, 50, and 55% respectively. No noticeable effects were observed for  Fusarium graminearum ,  Botryosphaeria kuwatsukai , and  Rhizoctonia solani . Interestingly, unlike other reported members of  Canescentia ,  P .  linzhiense  showed no antagonistic effect on root rotting fungi. The new taxon isolated here has the potential to be used as a biocontrol agent especially for economically important phytopathogens or emerging pathogens on diseases occurring on citrus or rice.

A Novel Species of Penicillium With Inhibitory Effects Against Pyricularia oryzae and Fungal Pathogens Inducing Citrus Diseases