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Candida  species are common colonizers of the human skin, vagina, and the gut. As human commensals,  Candida  species do not cause any notable damage in healthy individuals; however, in certain conditions they can initiate a wide range of diseases such as chronic disseminated candidiasis, endocarditis, vaginitis, meningitis, and endophthalmitis. The incidence of  Candida  caused infections has increased worldwide, with mortality rates exceeding 70% in certain patient populations.  C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. tropicalis, C. parapsilosis , and  C. krusei  are responsible for more than 90% of  Candida -related infections. Interestingly, the host immune response against these closely related fungi varies. As part of the innate immune system, complement proteins play a crucial role in host defense, protecting the host by lysing pathogens or by increasing their phagocytosis by phagocytes through opsonization. This review summarizes interactions of host complement proteins with pathogenic  Candida  species, including  C. albicans  and non -albicans Candida  species such as  C. parapsilosis . We will also highlight the various ways of complement activation, describe the antifungal effects of complement cascades and explore the mechanisms adopted by members of pathogenic  Candida  species for evading complement attack.

Mechanisms of Pathogenic Candida Species to Evade the Host Complement Attack