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Trypanosoma cruzi  is a protozoan parasite that infects at least 7 million persons in the world (OMS,  2019 ). In endemic areas, infection normally occurs by vectorial transmission; however, outside, it normally happens by blood and includes congenital transmission. The persistence of  T. cruzi  during infection suggests the presence of immune evasion mechanisms and the modulation of the anti-parasite response to a profile incapable of eradicating the parasite. Dendritic cells (DCs) are a heterogeneous population of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) that patrol tissues with a key role in mediating the interface between the innate and adaptive immune response. Previous results from our lab and other groups have demonstrated that  T. cruzi  modulates the functional properties of DCs,  in vitro  and  in vivo . During vectorial transmission, metacyclic (m) trypomastigotes (Tps) eliminated along with the insect feces reach the mucous membranes or injured skin. When transmission occurs by the hematic route, the parasite stage involved in the infection is the circulating or blood (b) Tp. Here, we studied  in vitro  the effect of both infective mTp and bTp in two different populations of DCs, bone marrow–derived DCs (BMDCs) and XS106, a cell line derived from epidermal DCs. Results demonstrated that the interaction of both Tps imparts a different effect in the functionality of these two populations of DCs, suggesting that the stage of  T. cruzi  and DC maturation status could define the immune response from the beginning of the ingress of the parasite, conditioning the course of the infection.

Modulatory Effect of Trypanosoma cruzi Infective Stages in Different Dendritic Cell Populations in vitro