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Polymorphisms in the interferon lambda gene locus ( IFNL ) such as the  IFNL4  genetic variants  rs12979860  and  rs368234815  are predictive of resolution of hepatitis C virus infection, but information about the impact of these variants in other infections is scarce. This study aimed at determining the potential impact of  IFNL4  variation for the clearance of respiratory tract pathogens in Rwandan children (≤5 years old,  n  = 480) seeking medical care for acute respiratory infections. Nasopharyngeal swabs were retrieved from all children at the first hospital referral and from 161 children at follow-up visits 2 weeks later. The swabs were analyzed for pathogens by real-time PCR and for host cell  IFNL4  genotype at  rs12979860  and  rs368234815 . Approximately 1/3 of the children were homozygous for the  rs12979860  T allele and the  rs368234815  ΔG allele, which are overrepresented in subjects of African descent. These  IFNL4  variants were significantly associated with reduced clearance of RNA viruses. Our results suggest that  IFNL4  genotypes that are common among subjects of African descent may determine inefficacious clearance of RNA viruses from the respiratory tract.

IFNL4 Genotypes Predict Clearance of RNA Viruses in Rwandan Children With Upper Respiratory Tract Infections