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The presence of  Acinetobacter baumannii  was demonstrated in body lice, however, little is known about the mechanism of natural lice infection. In 2013 and 2014, cross-sectional one-day studies were therefore performed within two Marseille homeless shelters to assess the presence of  A. baumannii  DNA on human skin, blood and in body lice collected from the same homeless individuals. All 332 participants completed questionnaires, were examined for dermatologic signs, and provided four skin samples (hair, neck, armpits, and pelvic belt), blood samples and body lice (if any). We developed a new real-time PCR tool targeting the  ompA/motB  gene for the detection of  A. baumannii  for all collected samples. Blood culture was also performed. Body lice were found in 24/325 (7.4%) of subjects. We showed a prevalence of  A. baumannii  DNA skin-carriage in 33/305 (10.8%) of subjects. No difference was found in  A. baumannii  DNA prevalence according to body sites. A strong association between body lice infestation (OR = 3.07,  p  = 0.029) and  A. baumannii  DNA skin-carriage was noted. In lice,  A. baumannii  DNA was detected in 59/219 arthropods (26.9%). All blood cultures and real-time PCR on blood samples were negative for  A. baumannii . Lice probably get infected with  A. baumannii  while biting through the colonized skin and likely transmit the bacteria in their feces. We found no evidence that lice facilitate the invasion of  A. baumannii  into the blood stream. Further investigations are needed to compare phenotypic and genotypic features of  A. baumannii  isolates from human skin and lice from the same individuals.

The Presence of Acinetobacter baumannii DNA on the Skin of Homeless People and Its Relationship With Body Lice Infestation. Preliminary Results