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Parasitic infections like amebiasis, trichomoniasis, and giardiasis are major health threats in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Metronidazole (MTZ) is the current drug of choice for amebiasis, giardiasis, and trichomoniasis but it has several adverse effects and potential resistance is a concern. In order to develop alternative antimicrobials, a library of 1 H -1,2,3-triazole-tethered metronidazole-isatin conjugates was synthesized using Huisgen's azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction and evaluated for their amebicidal, anti-trichomonal, and anti-giardial potential. Most of the synthesized conjugates exhibited activities against  Trichomonas vaginalis, Tritrichomonas foetus, Entamoeba histolytica , and  Giardia lamblia . While activities against  T. vaginalis  and  T. foetus  were comparable to that of the standard drug MTZ, better activities were observed against  E. histolytica  and  G. lamblia . Conjugates  9d  and  10a  were found to be 2–3-folds more potent than MTZ against  E. histolytica  and 8–16-folds more potent than MTZ against  G. lamblia . Further analysis of these compounds on fungi and bacteria did not show inhibitory activity, demonstrating their specific anti-protozoal properties.

frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology

Highly Potent 1H-1,2,3-Triazole-Tethered Isatin-Metronidazole Conjugates Against Anaerobic Foodborne, Waterborne, and Sexually-Transmitted Protozoal Parasites