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Campylobacter jejuni  invasion is closely related to  C. jejuni  pathogenicity. The intestinal epithelium contains polarized epithelial cells that form tight junctions (TJs) to provide a physical barrier against bacterial invasion. Previous studies indicated that  C. jejuni  invasion of non-polarized cells involves several cellular features, including lipid rafts. However, the dynamics of  C. jejuni  invasion of polarized epithelial cells are not fully understood. Here we investigated the interaction between  C. jejuni  invasion and TJ formation to characterize the mechanism of  C. jejuni  invasion in polarized epithelial cells. In contrast to non-polarized epithelial cells,  C. jejuni  invasion was not affected by depletion of lipid rafts in polarized epithelial cells. However, depletion of lipid rafts significantly decreased  C. jejuni  invasion in TJ disrupted cells or basolateral infection and repair of cellular TJs suppressed lipid raft-mediated  C. jejuni  invasion in polarized epithelial cells. In addition, pro-inflammatory cytokine, TNF-α treatment that induce TJ disruption promote  C. jejuni  invasion and lipid rafts depletion significantly reduced  C. jejuni  invasion in TNF-α treated cells. These data demonstrated that TJs prevent  C. jejuni  invasion from the lateral side of epithelial cells, where they play a main part in bacterial invasion and suggest that  C. jejuni  invasion could be increased in inflammatory condition. Therefore, maintenance of TJs integrity should be considered important in the development of novel therapies for  C. jejuni  infection.

frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology

Cellular Tight Junctions Prevent Effective Campylobacter jejuni Invasion and Inflammatory Barrier Disruption Promoting Bacterial Invasion from Lateral Membrane in Polarized Intestinal Epithelial Cells