English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Avian ESBL-producing  Escherichia coli  isolates have been increasingly reported worldwide. Animal to human dissemination, via food chain or direct contact, of these resistant bacteria has been reported. In Tunisia, little is known about avian ESBL- producing  E .  coli  and further studies are needed. Seventeen ESBL-producing  Escherichia coli  isolates from poultry feces from two farms (Farm 1 and farm 2) in the North of Tunisia have been used in this study. Eleven of these isolates (from farm 1) have the same resistance profile to nalidixic acid, sulfonamides, streptomycin, tetracycline, and norfloxacine (intermediately resistant). Out of the six isolates recovered from farm 2, only one was co-resistant to tetracycline. All isolates, except one, harbored  bla  CTX-M-1  gene, and one strain co-harbored the  bla  TEM-1  gene. The genes  tetA  and  tetB  were carried, respectively, by 11 and 1 amongst the 12 tetracycline-resistant isolates. Sulfonamides resistance was encoded by  sul1 ,  sul2 , and  sul3  genes in 3, 17, and 5 isolates, respectively. The  qnrB1  was detected in nine strains, one of which co-harbored  qnrS1  gene. The search for the class 1 and 2 integrons by PCR showed that in farm 1, class 1 and 2 integrons were found in one and ten isolates, respectively. In farm 2, class 1 integron was found in only one isolate, class 2 was not detected. Only one gene cassette arrangement was demonstrated in the variable regions (VR) of the 10  int2 -positive isolates:  dfrA1 -  sat2 - aadA1 . The size of the VR of the class 1 integron was approximately 250 bp in one  int1 -positive isolate, whereas in the second isolate, no amplification was observed. All isolates of farm 1 belong to the phylogroup A (sub-group A0). However, different types of phylogroups in farm 2 were detected. Each of the phylogroups A1, B2 2 , B2 3  was detected in one strain, while the D2 phylogroup was found in 3 isolates. The virulence genes  iut A,  fimH , and  traT  were detected in 3, 7, and 3 isolates, respectively. Two types of gene combination were detected:  iutA + fimH + traT  in 3 isolates and  iutA + fimH  in one isolate. The isolates recovered in farm 1 showed the same profile of PFGE macro-restriction, while isolates of farm 2 presented unrelated PFGE patterns. We conclude that these avian ESBL-producing  E .  coli  isolates show homo- and heterogenic genetic background and that plasmids harboring ESBL genes could be involved in the dissemination of this resistance phenotype.

Occurrence of blaCTX-M-1,qnrB1 and virulence genes in avian ESBL-producing Escherichia coli isolates from Tunisia