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Sulfide ions (S 2− ) that are widely distributed in biological and industrial fields are extremely toxic and pose great harms to both ecological environment and human health. However, fluorescent sensors toward S 2−  ions commonly use S 2− -recovered fluorescence of fluorophore that is first quenched mainly by metal ions. Fluorescent probe which enables direct, selective, and sensitive detection of S 2−  ion is highly desirable. Herein, we demonstrate one-step preparation of fluorescent ionic liquid–graphene quantum dots (IL-GQDs) nanocomposite, which can act as a fluorescent probe for direct and sensitive detection of S 2−  ion. The IL-GQDs nanocomposite is easily synthesized  via  facile molecular fusion of carbon precursor and  in situ  surface modification of GQDs by IL under hydrothermal condition. The as-prepared IL-GQDs nanocomposite has uniform and ultrasmall size, high crystallinity, and bright green fluorescence (absolute photoluminescence quantum yield of 18.2%). S 2−  ions can strongly and selectively quench the fluorescence of IL-GQDs because of the anion exchange ability of IL. With IL-GQDs nanocomposite being fluorescent probe, direct and sensitive detection of S 2−  is realized with a linear detection range of 100nM–10μM and 10μM–0.2mM (limit of detection or LOD of 23nM). Detection of S 2−  ions in environmental river water is also achieved.

Sensitive Detection of Sulfide Ion Based on Fluorescent Ionic Liquid–Graphene Quantum Dots Nanocomposite