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The increase of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and antimalarial resistance are complex and severe health issues today, as many microbial strains have become resistant to market drugs. The choice for the synthesis of new dipeptide-carboxamide derivatives is as a result of their wide biological properties such as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities. The condensation reaction of substituted benzenesulphonamoyl pentanamides with the carboxamide derivatives using peptide coupling reagents gave targeted products ( 8a-j ). The  in silico  antimalarial and antibacterial studies showed good interactions of the compounds with target protein residues and a higher dock score in comparison with standard drugs. In the  in vivo  study, compound  8j  was the most potent antimalarial agent with 61.90% inhibition comparable with 67% inhibition for Artemisinin. In the  in vitro  antimicrobial activity, compounds  8a  and  8b  (MIC 1.2 × 10 −3  M and 1.1 × 10 −3  M) were most potent against  S. aureus ; compound  8a ,  8b , and  8j  with MIC 6.0 × 10 −3  M, 5.7 × 10 −4  M, and 6.5 × 10 −4  M, respectively, were the most active against  B. subtilis ; compound  8b  (MIC 9.5 × 10 −4  M) was most active against  E.coli  while  8a ,  8b  and  8d  were the most active against  S. typhi . Compounds  8c  and  8h  (MIC 1.3 × 10 −3  M) each were the most active against  C. albicans , while compound  8b  (MIC 1.3 × 10 −4  M) was most active against  A. niger .

Novel Leu-Val Based Dipeptide as Antimicrobial and Antimalarial Agents: Synthesis and Molecular Docking