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Two rationally designed 4-nitrophenyl-based molecular clefts functionalized with thiourea ( L    1  ) and urea ( L    2  ) have been synthesized and studied for a variety of anions by UV-Vis and colorimetric techniques in DMSO. Results from the binding studies suggest that both  L    1   and  L    2   bind halides showing the order: fluoride > chloride > bromide > iodide; and oxoanions showing the order: dihydrogen phosphate > hydrogen sulfate > nitrate > perchlorate. Each receptor has been shown to form a 1:1 complex with an anion  via  hydrogen bonding interactions, displaying distinct color change for fluoride and dihydrogen phosphate in solution. As compared to the urea-based receptor  L    2  , the thiourea-based receptor  L    1   exhibits stronger affinity for anions due the presence of more acidic thiourea functional groups.

Anion Binding Studies of Urea and Thiourea Functionalized Molecular Clefts