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Metal oxides and carbonaceous composites are both promising materials for electrochemical energy conversion and storage devices, such as secondary rechargeable batteries, fuel cells and electrochemical capacitors. In this study, Fe 3 O 4  nanoparticles wrapped in nitrogen-doped (N-doped) graphene nanosheets (Fe 3 O 4 @G) were fabricated by a facile one-step carbothermal reduction method derived from Fe 2 O 3  and liquid-polyacrylonitrile (LPAN). The unique two-dimensional structure of N-doped graphene nanosheets, can not only accommodate the volume changes during lithium intercalation/extraction processes and suppress the particles aggregation but also act as an electronically conductive matrix to improve the electrochemical performance of Fe 3 O 4  anode, especially the rate capability. What's more, by etching Fe 3 O 4 @G to remove the iron-based oxide template, porous N-doped graphene composites (NGCs) were prepared and presented abundant pore structure with high specific surface area, delivering a specific capacitance of 172 F·g −1  at 0.5 A·g −1 . In this way, Fe 2 O 3  was both template and activator to adjust the pore size of graphene. And the effect of specific surface area and pore size tuned by the Fe 2 O 3  activator were also revealed.

Carbothermal Synthesis of Nitrogen-Doped Graphene Composites for Energy Conversion and Storage Devices