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The Er 3+ :CeO 2 /ATP (attapulgite) nanocomposites were prepared by a facile precipitation method. The samples were characterized by various measurements. XRD and TEM showed that Er 3+ :CeO 2  nanoparticles were well-crystallized and loaded on the surface of ATP. The visible light was converted into ultraviolet light by Er 3+ :CeO 2  as evidenced by upconversion photoluminance (PL) analysis. The mass ratio of Er 3+ :CeO 2  to ATP on the desulfurization efficiency was investigated. Results showed that the desulfurization rate reached 87% under 4 h visible light irradiation when the mass ratio was 4:10. The mechanism was put forward as follows. Er 3+ :CeO 2  and ATP formed Z-scheme heterostructure intermediated by oxygen vacancy, leading to the enhanced separation of photogenerated charges and preservation of high oxidation-reduction potential, both of which favored for the generation of radicals to oxidize sulfur species.

Z-Scheme Photocatalyst Constructed by Natural Attapulgite and Upconversion Rare Earth Materials for Desulfurization