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Peptic ulceration is among the most prevalent gastrointestinal disorders characterized by pepsin and gastric acid mediated mucosal damage, as result of imbalance between defensive and offensive processes. The main objective of the current study was to investigate the antiulcer potentials of  Polygonum hydropiper  crude methanolic ectract (Ph.Cr) in aspirin induced ulcerogenesis using pylorus ligated rat model.  In-vitro  urease and  Proteus mirabilis  inhibitory potentials were evaluated using standard protocols. All fractions were analyzed using GC-MS to identify major components. The aspirin induced ulcerogenesis in pylorus ligated rat model was associated with significant changes in the mean ulcer score [ F  (5, 30)  = 7.141,  P  = 0.0002], gastric juice volume [ F  (5, 30)  = 8.245,  P  < 0.0001], gastric juice pH [ F  (5, 30)  = 5.715,  P  = 0.0008], free acidity [ F  (5, 30)  = 4.544,  P  = 0.0033], total acidity [ F  (5, 30)  = 2.740,  P  = 0.0373], and pepsin concentration [ F  (5, 30)  = 2.335,  P  = 0.0664]. Pre-treatment with Ph.Cr at 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg dose exhibited marked gastroprotective and anti-ulcerogenic effect in the aspirin induced pyloric ligation ulcerogenesis model at 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg as indicated by ulcerative biochemical parameters. In urease inhibition assay, leaves essential oil (Ph.Lo), saponins (Ph.Sp), and chloroform extract (Ph.Chf) exhibited highest activities with IC 50  of 90, 98, and 520 μg/ml, respectively. Ph.Sp, Ph.Chf, ethyl acetate (Ph.EtAc), and Ph.Cr showed MICs of 25, 30, 32.25, and 40.50 μg/ml, respectively against  P. mirabilis . Several compounds were identified in GC-MS analysis of samples. Significant  in-vivo  antiulcer, urease inhibitory as well as anti-proteus potentials of  P. hydropiper  solvent extracts, signify its potential use for the management of peptic ulcers and may provide scientific bases for the traditional uses of the plant.

GC-MS Analysis and Gastroprotective Evaluations of Crude Extracts, Isolated Saponins, and Essential Oil from Polygonum hydropiper L.