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Zfp57  has both maternal and zygotic functions in mouse. It maintains genomic imprinting at most known imprinted regions and controls allelic expression of the target imprinted genes in mouse embryos. The DNA methylation imprint at many imprinting control regions (ICRs) is lost when both maternal and zygotic  Zfp57  are absent in  Zfp57  maternal–zygotic mutant mouse embryos. Interestingly, we found that DNA methylation at a few ICRs was partially lost without maternal  Zfp57  in  Zfp57  heterozygous mouse embryos derived from  Zfp57  homozygous female mice. This suggests that maternal  Zfp57  is essential for the maintenance of DNA methylation at a small subset of imprinted regions in mouse embryos. This maternal effect of  Zfp57  was applied to allelic expression switch as well as expression levels of the corresponding imprinted genes. It is rather surprising that DNA methylation imprint was affected differently at  Rasgrf1  and  AK008011  imprinted regions in the female or male  Zfp57  maternal–zygotic mutant embryos, with more significant loss of DNA methylation observed in the male mutant embryos. Loss of ZFP57 resulted in gender-specific differences in allelic expression switch and expression level changes of some imprinted genes in female or male mutant embryos. These results indicate maternal and sexually dimorphic effects of ZFP57 on genomic imprinting in mouse.

Zfp57 Exerts Maternal and Sexually Dimorphic Effects on Genomic Imprinting