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Autophagy is highly regulated and plays a multitude of roles during T cell-mediated immune responses. It has been shown that autophagy deficiency in T cells results in a decrease in total T cells, including naïve T cells in young mice, but the mechanism is still not understood. Here, similar to what happened in young mice, we showed that T cell-specific deletion of  Beclin 1/Atg6  ( Becn1  −/−) resulted in decreases in the percentages of CD4 + , CD8 + , and regulatory T cells in adult mice. In addition, we found that the effector to naïve T cell ratio was increased in older mice. Also, as mice grew older,  Becn1  −/− mice progressively lost weight and developed severe colitis. Analysis of inflamed tissues demonstrated increases in the portion and cytokine production of effector T cells. In contrast, the TCR-transgenic  Becn1  −/− mice had similar numbers of naïve T cells compared to WT controls. Similar to bulk T cells, the TCR-transgenic  Becn1  −/− T cells generated much lower numbers of effector T cells compared to WT controls after activation  in vitro . These data suggest that autophagy is not required for maintaining the naïve T cell but required for the generation of effector T cells  in vivo .

Differential Requirement of Beclin 1 for Regulating the Balance of Naïve and Activated CD4+ T Cells