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In the industrial oleaginous fungus  Mortierella alpin a, the arachidonic acid (AA; C20:4; ω-6) fraction can reach 50% of the total fatty acids (TFAs)  in vivo . However, the eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; C20:5; ω-3) fraction is less than 3% when this fungus is cultivated at a low temperature (12°C). Omega-3 fatty acid desaturase is a key enzyme in ω-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids biosynthesis pathways. To enhance EPA production, we transformed the ω-3 fatty acid desaturase (PaD17), which exhibits strong Δ-17 desaturase activity, into  M. alpina , thus increasing the AA to EPA conversion rate to 49.8%. This PaD17-harboring  M. alpina  reconstruction strain produced 617 mg L −1  of EPA at room temperature in broth medium, this yield was increased to 1.73 g L −1  after culture medium optimization (i.e., about threefold higher than that under original culture conditions), with concomitant respective increases in dry cell weight and TFA content to 16.55 and 6.46 g L −1 . These findings suggest a new platform for the future industrial production of EPA.

Application of a ω-3 Desaturase with an Arachidonic Acid Preference to Eicosapentaenoic Acid Production in Mortierella alpina