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sk (W A IS -I II ) As expected, prior to any arousal manipulation (i.e., baseline) students with MHI performed more poorly on tasks of working memory (WAIS-III, 1997; DKEFS, 2002) and attention (DKEFS, 2002). , , implicated in the modulation of emotional and autonomic responses1. This region is particularly vulnerable in head trauma2 and, therefore, emotional responses may be at risk in this population. Consistent with this, research (see Tranel & Damasio, 19943) has shown that persons with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) to the vPFC present with underarousal as evidenced by reduced electrodermal activation (EDA) responses and flattened affect. Furthermore, it has been suggested that individuals with moderate to severe neurological compromise are particularly vulnerable to the adverse effects of stress 4,5 . Until recently, little research has been conducted to examine the persistence of i l d i i l f ll i ild h d i j (MHI) i j i hi h University students (N = 91); 56% self-reported MHI history Measures and procedure Neuropsychological measures (memory17, 18; attention19; planning19; abstract reasoning18,19, 20; and standard intelligence18); indices of arousal/anxiety21; manipulated arousal (via psychosocial stressor22 or relaxation) Post-concussive symptoms (Post-concussive Symptom Checklist [PCSC])16 Indices of Anxiety physiological recordings of electrodermal activity [EDA] and heart rate23; STAI21; selfreported arousal levels; Everyday life stress 24 15 20 25 30 35

Physiological and Affective Underarousal as a Function of Mild Head Injury in University Students