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Central pattern generators (CPGs) frequently include bursting neurons that serve as pacemakers for rhythm generation. Phase resetting curves (PRCs) can provide insight into mechanisms underlying phase locking in such circuits. PRCs were constructed for a pacemaker bursting complex in the pyloric circuit in the stomatogastric ganglion of the lobster and crab. This complex is comprised of the anterior burster (AB) neuron and two pyloric dilator (PD) neurons that are all electrically coupled. Artificial excitatory synaptic conductance pulses of different strengths and durations were injected into one of the AB or PD somata using the Dynamic Clamp. Previously, we characterized the inhibitory PRCs by assuming a single slow process that enabled synaptic inputs to trigger switches between an up state in which spiking occurs and a down state in which it does not. Excitation produced five different PRC shapes, which could not be explained with such a simple model. Instead, a four compartment model of the AB/PD complex with two slow processes was required. The primary neurite of the model was electrotonically coupled to its soma, an axon in which spikes were initiated and a lumped dendritic compartment in which the burst envelope was generated. The spatial separation of spike and burst generation combined with a second slow process caused somatic spiking to be independent of the up and down states of the burst generator. Phase resetting of bursting neurons in response to excitation is much more complex than to inhibition, and the injection of excitatory synaptic conductances in the soma mimics dendritic activation less accurately than inhibitory.

frontiers in neuroscience

Complex phase resetting of bursting neurons in response to excitation implies slow outward current and spatial segregation of burst generating mechanism