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Of all the alternative sources of energy for rural areas, producer gas from biomass appears to have the greatest potential. As an agricultural country, India has large supply of biomass resources. It is estimated that about 40 to 60 percent of agricultural residues are either lost or put to inefficient use. This calls for better utilization of these resources by thermo-chemically converting into producer gas in the current context of limitedness of petroleum based fuels for use in internal combustion engines. Diesel engines are widely used in Indian agricultural farms for a variety of stationary and mobile operations. The usual approach of producer gas utilization in diesel engines consists of operating existing compression ignition engines on producer gas cum diesel dual-fuel mode. There is also a lack of information on the use of different types and conditions of biomass to generate producer gas as a supplement fuel for diesel engines. Therefore, an effort was made to develop a gas producer system utilizing the locally available biomass materials to power a diesel engine that can be used on small horse power tractors and stationary machines. Experiments were conducted to study the performance of a diesel engine (four stroke, single cylinder, 5.25 kW) with respect to its thermal efficiency, specific fuel consumption and diesel substitution by use of diesel alone and producer gas-cum-diesel (dual fuel mode) through a downdraft gasifier. Performance of the engine was studied by keeping biomass moisture contents as 8%, 12%, 16%, and 21%, engine speed as 1600 rpm and with variable engine loads. The gas producer system developed for a 5.25 kW diesel engine was found to perform satisfactorily by using three types of biomass such as wood chips, pigeon pea stalks and corn cobs. The average value of thermal efficiency on dual fuel mode was found slightly lower than that of diesel mode. The specific diesel consumption was found to be 60 to 64 % less in dual fuel mode than that in diesel mode for same amount of energy output. The average diesel substitution of 64% was observed with pigeon pea stalks followed by corn cobs (63%) and wood chips (62%). Based on the performance studied, the producer gas may be used as a substitute or as a supplementary fuel for diesel conservation, particularly for stationary engines in agricultural operations in the farm.

Performance Study of a Diesel Engine by Using Producer Gas from Selected Agricultural Residues on Dual-Fuel Mode of Diesel-cum-Producer Gas