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New Delhi Metallo-beta-lactamase-1 (NDM-1) is considered an emerging environmental contaminant, which causes severe hazards for public health. Screening and absolute quantification of the NDM-1 gene in 17 water samples collected from a different sampling location surrounding Hyderabad, India, was performed using a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) in the study. Absolute quantification achieved by running the isolated DNA (Deoxy-ribonucleic acid) samples from different water bodies in triplicate with the known standards of the NDM-1 and results reported as gene copy number/ng(nanogram) of template DNA. All collected samples had shown a positive signal for the NDM-1 during qPCR analysis. Among the tested samples, the highest gene copy number/ng of template DNA was observed in the Mir Alam tank (985.74), which may be due to the combined discharge of domestic sewage and industrial effluents from surrounding areas and industries. Shapiro-Wilk test was conducted to correlate the distribution of NDM-1 gene copies among sampling locations. The variation observed in the distribution of gene copies number of NDM-1 gene among sampling locations is big enough to be statistically significant. (α = 0.05, p-value= 0.00056). Further, a hierarchical clustering analysis was performed to group sampling locations in clusters, and results were presented in the form of a dendrogram.

Prevalence and Absolute Quantification of NDM-1: a β-Lactam Resistance Gene in Water Compartment of Lakes Surrounding Hyderabad, India