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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by difficulty in communication and repetitive behaviors [1]. ASD definition includes: atypical autism, high-functioning autism, and Asperger’s disorder. Individuals with ASD may have extraordinarily high IQ, normal intellectual abilities, or intellectual disability (ID), known as ASD with ID. Initial diagnosis is often made as early as 18 months of age, but formal diagnosis may occur at 5-8 years [2], with boys four times more likely to be diagnosed than girls [3]. In the United States, in 2014, approximately 1 in 59 children had ASD. Approximately 70 percent of ASD diagnoses are accompanied by an additional condition such as Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), learning impairment, depression, or anxiety. Children with ASD may also have other disorders [1] such as: intellectual disability, epilepsy, Tourette’s syndrome, difficulty sleeping, and many suffer gastrointestinal dysfunctions. Despite numerous studies on ASD there is little consensus on the mechanism, including whether the cause is genetic or environmental. Approximately 10% of ASD cases have known contributing gene mutations, while 90% are classified as idiopathic, which are thought to be caused by environmental factors.

Autism A Potential Autoimmune Disease Neurodegeneration-Induced Autoantibodies against Neural Proteins