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The recovering procedure of the electron-phonon interaction (EPI) functionsfrom the additional nonlinearities of the current-voltage curve ($I-V$ curve)of point contacts associated with an excess current is considered. The approachproposed takes into account both inelastic scattering, which causes suppressionof the excess current in the reabsorption of nonequilibrium phonons byelectrons undergoing Andreev reflection (Andreev electrons), and elasticprocesses associated with the electron-phonon renormalization of the energyspectrum in a superconductor. The results obtained are systematically expoundedfor both the ballistic contacts, wherein the second derivatives of the $I-V$curve in the normal state are proportional to the EPI functions, andinhomogeneous contacts (with dirty constrictions and clean banks), whose secondderivatives in the normal state are either free of phonon singularities orweakly pronounced.

Spectroscopy of electron-phonon interaction of superconducting point contacts: experimental aspects