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For precision nitrogen (N) fertilisation of grazed dairy paddocks, soil N distribution needs to be quantified. It is expected that farm infrastructure will affect inorganic-N distribution due to its influence on cow grazing behaviour. Surface soil from four spatially distinct areas (main gate, water troughs, non-irrigated and the remaining pasture) was analysed for soil ammonium-N (NH4 +-N) and nitrate-N (NO3 --N) from three paddocks (180 soil samples) on an irrigated commercial dairy farm in Canterbury, New Zealand. Variation between paddocks was higher for NO3 (P<0.001) than for NH4 + (P=0.52). Differences between spatially distinct areas were detected for NH4 + (P<0.001) but not for NO3 (P=0.37), though there was variation in NO3 with distance from the gates and troughs. This study demonstrates methods for classifying spatially distinct areas of grazed pasture to quantify their influence on inorganic-N distribution. Further research is required to better understand variability.

Soil inorganic nitrogen in spatially distinct areas within a commercial dairy farm in Canterbury, New Zealand