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Two experimental farmlets were established in the 2001/02 season and run continuously to 2010/11, comparing the impact of two nitrogen (N) fertiliser systems on milksolids (MS) production, profitability and the yield and composition of ryegrass-white clover pastures. Treatments were: 1) No-N. No N fertiliser applied, stocking rate 2.56 cow equivalents/ha (including replacements); 2) Control. Average of 181 kg N/ha/year applied as urea, stocking rate 3.06 cows/ ha (replacements grazed off farm). Annual pasture production was, on average, 2.9 t DM/ha greater on the Control farmlet compared with the No-N farmlet (P<0.001). Annual MS/ha was 193 kg/ha greater (P<0.01) on the Control farmlet. Despite a reduction of 1.07 kg MS for every kg N not applied, profitability was very similar for both farmlets in 6 of the 9 years. Compared with No-N, the profitability of the Control farmlet improved as milk price increased above $5.10/ kg MS. While the farmlets confirmed that profitable milk production systems can be achieved without N fertiliser applications on well-established Waikato dairy pastures, N fertiliser is useful for increasing profitability and milk production, particularly when the ratio between milk price and the cost of fertiliser is favourable.

proceedings of the new zealand grassland association

The impact of farming without nitrogen fertiliser for ten years on pasture yield and composition, milksolids production and profitability; a research farmlet comparison