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Potassium (K) build up in soils is a side effect of prolonged farm dairy effluent irrigation, and can result in animal health issues. A kale crop was planted to investigate its potential to take up K applied in farm dairy effluent. Removing the crop at maturity and feeding it elsewhere is a management option to reduce the build up of soil K that occurs when farm dairy effluent is applied to land at K loading greater than maintenance requirements. As winter approaches soils tend to become wetter than field capacity reducing the opportunity for mechanical harvesting. We examined the trade-off between the potential to damage soil and achieving maximum yield. Kale K concentrations increased in a linear fashion (P<0.001) with the increasing rates of K input applied from 1.98 to 3.90 g K/100g DM with no effect on dry matter yields, but removing up to 499 kg K/ha. Maximum yield (13 t DM/ ha) was reached in late May when mechanical harvesting was still possible with little or no potential damage to the soil regardless of sowing technique (conventional tillage versus direct-drilled). This demonstrates the potential of a kale crop to remove high levels of K in farm dairy effluent in a cut and carry system.

Investigating the potential of kale to remove soil potassium accumulated from farm dairy effluent application