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A trial to measure the effects of establishment techniques and fertiliser application on seedling establishment and early root and rhizome development of Caucasian clover (Trifolium ambiguum) was sown in early October 1992, on a low-fertility, depleted short tussock grassland site at Mesopotamia Station, South Canterbury. Three sowing techniques, broadcasting, sod seeding and strip seeding, each with, two rates of fertiliser, 150 or 300 kg/ha molybdic sulphur superphosphate, were used. By mid December, 48 and 38% establishment had occurred in the strip and sod seeding respectively, but only 9% inthe broadcast. Strip seeding was the most successful technique. resulting in earlier rhizome and tap: root development and wider lateral spread of rhizomes. However, both strip seeding and sod seeding resulted in all plants developing rhizomes 9 months after sowing. Plants from broadcasting were small with few rhizomes in the,first season. The higher fertiliser rate improved establishment and growth, particularly in the strip seeding grazing management systems because the rhizomes and growing points were below ground level. Vegetative spread was observed by Dear & Zorin (1985) who found 4-year-old Caucasian clover cv. Monaro produced 74 daughter plants/plant and, had rhizomes nearly 500 mm in length. Reports of slow establishment (Lucas et al. 1980; Scott 1985) and the lack of seed supplies have restricted the commercial use of Caucasian clover. This has led to proposals that rhizome fragments could be used as a means of establishment (Scott & Mason 1992). However, in contrast to Lucas et al. (1980), Lowther & Patrick (1992) reported seedling establishment of white clover and Caucasian clover to be similar. The aims of this establishment trial were to measure the effects of sowing technique and fertiliser application on Caucasian clover seedling establishment and early root and rhizome development on a lowfertility, summer-moist, high-country site. Material and methods Experimental site and design The experiment was sited on depleted, unimproved -treatment;-By-using-a-strip-seeding-technioue ~-tussock grassland dominated by fescue tussock Caucasian clover was established ai rapidly-as white clover and plants of both species were similar in size after 5 months.

Effect of sowing method and fertiliser application on establishment and first season growth of Caucasian clover