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Earthworm populations were measured in hill pastures, near Woodville, which were rotationally grazed or set stocked by sheep, or rotationally grazed by cattle. For each grazing management there were two fertiliser treatments: high and low superphosphate application, and sampling sites were located within each of three slope and three aspect classes. Earthworm weight was greater in sheep-grazed than in cattle-grazed areas (91 vs 45 s/r+), was higher in high than in low fertiliser areas (93 vs 75 g/mz), and declined with increasing slope of measurement site. There was also a greater number of earthworms in sheep~grazed compared with cattle~grazed areas (645 vs 270/n+), earthworm numbers declined with slope, and aspect influenced earthworm numbers (SW <NW,E). Allolobophoro coliginosa was 78% of total earthworm weight, the remainder was Lumbricus rubellus. This percentage was affected by grazing management. The major factor influencing size of the earthworm populations was pasture production (r=O.42), although soil organic matter (r4.32) and nitrogen (rg.22) contents also had an effect. Liveweight of earthworms increased by 76 kg/ha for every extra 1000 kg DM/ha annual pasture production. This value was influenced only by grazing management, so was constant across a wide range of sites. Practical implications include: rotational grazing with high stock densities may reduce earthworm populations because of treading damage; and increasing existing earthworm populations in similar hill soils, other than by increasing pasture productivity, will be difficult.

EARTHWORMS IN SOUTHERN NORTH ISLAND HILL PASTURES