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Background: The aim of the study was to examine the effect of Helfer skin tap technique and expressed breast milk on response to pain among neonates during intramuscular injection of injection Vitamin K. Design: Prospective randomized controlled trial. Sample: 60 neonates for injection vitamin K after birth [20 in each group. Control group (G1), experimental group Helfer technique (G2), EBM (G3)]. Material & Methods: Sixty term neonates were enrolled for this study. The inclusion criteria were gestational age 37-40 weeks, birth weight 2.5-4 Kg, APGAR score more than 7 at 1 minute. The enrolled neonates were randomized into control group (G1) and two intervention groupsHeifer technique group (G2), EBM (G3). During intramuscular injection procedure was video graphed and pain score, Heart rate, respiratory rate and SpO2 are assessed by researcher. Pain score assessed using Neonatal Infant Pain Scale (NIPS). Result: The mean pain score of the three groups G1, G2, G3 were 4.5, 3.55& 3.19. Breast feeding had lowest mean pain score. Alterations in Heart rate, respiratory rate and SpO2 lowest in Heifer technique group. Conclusion: Pain in new born should recognized and treated. EBM and Heifer technique before injection can be easily applied easily to alleviate pain response. Educational programmers for pain management in newborns should be conducted and guidelines can be prepared as institutional protocol.

Effect of Helfer skin tap technique and expressed breast milk on response to pain among neonates during intramuscular injection