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Background: Vitamin D has been associated with the immune functions acting at the cell level and being involved with induction of different cells of immune system. It plays a major role in lung growth & function, which prevents infections of respiratory tract. Methods: Hospital based prospective, observational, case control study was conducted in the Department of Pediatrics National Institute of medical Science and research, Jaipur, Rajasthan, from January 2017 to june 2018. A total of 250 children aged 1 to 5 years in each group with & without ALRI, who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were included and Vitamin D levels were measured. Results: In 250 cases mean age were 3.190 1.24, 55.2% were males and 44.8% females. 60% of cases and 54% of control were from rural areas. Among cases 17.6% had insufficient and 64.4% had deficient vitamin D status whereas in control group 64.4% had normal, 22.8% insufficient and only 12.8% had deficiency of vitamin D. Highly significant p-value was obtained. 56.4% of cases had low serum calcium levels. Mean vitamin D levels was 19.9 11.46 in cases and 33.2112.30 in controls. Mean serum vitamin D of 16.9 in urban and 19 in rural area in cases whereas 30.6 and 35.3 in urban and rural areas respectively in control group. Conclusions: We found a strong correlation of vitamin D deficiency with ALRI. Empirical supplementation of vitamin D can prevent the incidence of these infections. We can add Vitamin D in different public health programs.

Comparative analysis of serum vitamin d level in under five aged children with acute lower respiratory tract infection: A casecontrol study