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The reproductive biology and early life phases of tropical broadcast spawning krill are largely unknown worldwide. This investigation provides the first published data on the repro- ductive period, brood size, embryo and nauplius-to-metanauplius morphology, biometry, develop- ment, and hatching success rates of two of the smallest krill species known (Euphausia lamellig- era, 66%) with the shortest hatching times (9 to 14 h) known so far for any species of the Order Euphausiacea. E. distinguenda was significantly larger than E. lamelligera at each early larval stage. A pseudometanauplius stage (molting between nauplius and metanauplius stages), previously thought to be an exclusive stage of sac-spawning species, was observed for both broadcast spawning species. Our results support the hypothesis that both species exhibit a continuous but seasonally variant spawning reproductive strategy associated with female body size and seasonal coastal upwelling dynamics, and show brood sizes within the low range of variability known for temperate krill species.

sexuality and early development in aquatic organism/aquatic biology/sexuality and early development in aquatic organisms

Reproductive biology, embryo and early larval morphology, and development rates of krill (Euphausia lamelligera and Euphausia distinguenda), endemic to the Eastern Tropical Pacific