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The distribution of picoplankton ( 75% total picoplanktonic abundance). As expected, Prochlorococcus was the most numerically abundant phytoplankter under very oligotrophic (chlorophyll a concentration ≤0.1 mg m -3 ) and mesotrophic (>0.1 and ≤1 mg m -3 ) conditions. However, in contrast to other subtropical regions, picophytoeukaryotes appear to dominate the <2 µm autotrophic carbon biomass in this region of the South Pacific Ocean at this time of the year. In the upper 200 m of the water column, the integrated carbon biomass of Prochlorococcus, Synechococcus, picophytoeukaryotes and bacterioplankton were in the ratios of 9:1:14:11 and 3:1:8:6 under oligo- and mesotrophic conditions, respectively. Thus, picophytoeukaryotes were 1.4- to 2-fold higher in biomass than both cyanobacteria combined, and slightly more important (1.2- to 1.3-fold) than bacterioplankton. Pico- phytoeukaryotes could therefore play a dominant ecological and biogeochemical role in subtropical gyres, which extend over a vast area of the world's oceans.

Picoplankton abundance and biomass across the eastern South Pacific Ocean along latitude 32.5°S