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The effect of boat noise on the behaviour of bluefin tuna Thunnus thynnus was investigated\udin the Egadi Islands, Sicily, during spring 2005 using a fixed tuna trap set near shipping routes.\udTuna behaviour was observed when exposed to both natural ambient sound and sound generated by\udhydrofoil passenger ferries, small boats and large car ferries. Acoustical and behavioural analyses\udwere conducted with and without extraneous sound to define a list of behavioural categories. Each\udvessel produced different engine sounds with regard to their composition and bandwidth, and all\udwere distinctly different from ambient sound levels. In the absence of boat noise, tuna assumed a concentrated\udcoordinated school structure with unidirectional swimming and without a precise shape.\udWhen a car ferry approached, tuna changed swimming direction and increased their vertical movement\udtoward surface or bottom; the school exhibited an unconcentrated structure and uncoordinated\udswimming behaviour. Hydrofoils appeared to elicit a similar response, but for shorter periods. Agonistic\udbehaviour was more evident when exposed to sounds from outboard motors of small boats. This\udstudy showed that local noise pollution generated by boats produced behavioural deviations in tuna\udschools. Schooling enhances tuna homing accuracy during their spawning migration, and an alteration\udin schooling behaviour can affect the accuracy of their migration to spawning and feeding\udgrounds

Effect of boat noise on the behaviour of bluefin tuna Thunnus thynnus in the Mediterranean Sea