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A sharp regime shift from a brittle star Amphiura filiformis dominated state to a burrowingmud shrimp Callianassa subterranea dominated situation was observed in a region of the NorthSea known as the Frisian Front in the mid-1990s. No indications exist that food levels or other relevantconditions in this part of the North Sea had changed significantly. However, the new state haspersisted until the present. This could suggest that this regime shift represents a transition betweenalternative stable community states. We propose a potential explanation for the existence of 2 stablestates, which agrees with experimental and field observations. We demonstrated experimentally thatsediments inhabited by burrowing shrimps are more susceptible to sediment resuspension by tidalcurrents and wave forces than sediments inhabited by brittle stars. Although the burrowing shrimpsapparently thrive under these conditions, successful recruitment of brittle stars may be hampered onsuch unstable frequently resuspended sediments. This implies a positive feedback; brittle stars promotesediment stability, which favors their persistence. We created a model to demonstrate that thisfeedback between the benthic community and sediment stability may cause both the shrimp dominatedstate and the brittle star dominated state to be stable under the same external conditions

Possible mechanisms for a marine benthic regime shift in the North Sea