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The harbour porpoise Phocoena phocoena experiences high rates of incidental mortalityin commercial fisheries, and in some areas these rates are sufficiently high to justify concern overpopulation sustainability. Given this high mortality, conservation efforts may be facilitated by anunderstanding of how present-day population structure has been shaped by historical demographicchanges. To investigate the demographic history of porpoises in the eastern North Atlantic, variationin the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region of 115 porpoises was compared among 4 samplinglocations (North Sea, France, Portugal, and West Africa). Genetic variation was investigated byanalysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) and spatial analysis of molecular variance (SAMOVA). Toput the present study in context within the eastern Atlantic, previously published sequence data fromNorway (n = 87) and the Black Sea (n = 9) were included. All areas showed substantial geographicstructure as indicated by AMOVA and SAMOVA, and there was significant isolation by distanceamong sampling areas. The haplotype network, mismatch distribution and Fu’s FS test of populationequilibrium suggest there has been a relatively recent range expansion into the northernmost area(Norway), probably as a result of re-colonisation into regions previously iced over during Quaternaryglaciation events. In all, these results suggest that harbour porpoises within the eastern NorthAtlantic show geographic structuring as a consequence of limited gene flow along the coast, and theirhistorical biogeography can be interpreted in light of demographic changes that have influenced theevolutionary patterns observed in the mtDNA sequences

Population structure and historical demography of eastern North Atlantic harbour porpoises inferred through mtDNA sequences