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The main processes associated with the nitrogen cycle were studied in a microbial mat and in the surrounding water during winter (January), spring (March) and summer (June) in the Camargue (southeastern France). Denitrification, nitrogen fixation, nitrification, dissimilative reduc- tion of nitrate, together with mineralization and ammonium assimilation, were measured under dark and light conditions using inhibitor and nitrogen isotope ( 15 N). All these microbial processes were expressed in the mat. The isotope pairing method allowed the identification of the source of denitri- fied nitrate. It appeared that a major part of the nitrate formed by nitrification was denitrified and that nitrification was a considerable source of nitrate in spring and summer. From variations in net flux (fixation versus denitrification activities), we conclude that the mat acted as a nitrogen source in summer, but as a sink in winter.

Nitrogen budget in a microbial mat in the Camargue (southern France)