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We assessed the digestibility and utilization of ice algae and phytoplankton by the shallow, subtidal ben- thos in Ny Alesund (Kongsfjord) on Svalbard (79° N, 12° E) using chlorophyll a (chl a), essential fatty acids (EFAs) and stable isotopes as tracers of food consumption and assimi- lation. Intact benthic communities in sediment cores and individuals of dominant benthic taxa were given ice algae, phytoplankton, 13 C-enriched ice algae or a no food addi- tion control for 19 to 32 d. Ice algae and phytoplankton had significantly different isotopic signatures and relative con- centrations of fatty acids. In the food addition cores, sedi- ment concentrations of chl a and the EFA C20:5(n-3) were elevated by 80 and 93%, respectively, compared to the control after 12 h, but decreased to background levels by 19 d, suggesting that both ice algae and phytoplankton were rapidly consumed. Whole core respiration rates in the ice algae treatments were 1.4 times greater than in the other treatments within 12 h of food addition. In the ice algae treatment, both suspension and deposit feeding taxa from 3 different phyla (Mollusca, Annelida and Sipuncula) exhibited significant enrichment in δ13 C values compared to the control. Deposit feeders (15% uptake), however, ex- hibited significantly greater uptake of the 13 C-enriched ice algae tracer than suspension feeders (3% uptake). Our study demonstrates that ice algae are readily consumed and assimilated by the Arctic benthos, and may be prefer- entially selected by some benthic species (i.e. deposit feed- ers) due to their elevated EFA content, thus serving as an important component of the Arctic benthic food web.

Benthic community response to ice algae and phytoplankton in Ny Ålesund, Svalbard