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Northern Chile's oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) is considered to be an important site of N 2 O production and efflux into the atmosphere, with a potentially global impact. Seawater samples from the OMZ core were used to determine how different O 2 levels and electron donor/acceptor availability affect N 2 O cycling. N 2 O production by denitrification (N 2 Opd; acetylene treatment) and nitrification (N 2 Opn; allylthiourea [ATU] treatment), and N 2 O consumption by denitrification (N 2 Ocd), were determined with in situ O 2 , anoxic (0 μM O 2 ), hypoxic (∼22.3 μM O 2 ), and potential (added substrate) experimental conditions. Under in situ O 2 levels (∼4.6 pM), total N 2 O production (N 2 Opd + N 2 Opn) was ∼2.62 μM d -1 . Denitrification was responsible for over 92% of the total N 2 Opd and nitrification for less than 8%. Nearly 100% of the N 2 O produced was, however, consumed by denitrification. NO 3 - was reduced twice as rapidly as NO 2 - . Under anoxia, N 2 Opd and N 2 Ocd rates decreased by over 90%. The NO 3 - reduction was similar to that observed with in situ O 2 , whereas a high rate of NO 2 - accumulation was observed. Conversely, increasing O 2 levels (∼22.3 μM) doubled N 2 Opd. Consequently, N 2 Opd or NOW reduction seems to be the process most sensitive to O 2 fluctuations. Adding organic carbon and NO 3 - increased N 2 Opd and N 2 Ocd slightly, whereas additional N 2 O increased N 2 Ocd abruptly. The fate of reduced NO 3 - in the OMZ core was controlled mainly by O 2 concentrations and indirectly by available organic carbon. Both variables are susceptible to the changes experienced in the eastern South Pacific during the El Nino Southern Oscillation cycle.

N2O cycling at the core of the oxygen minimum zone off northern Chile