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Symbiotic dinoflagellates of the genus Symbiodinium , commonly referred to as zooxan-thellae, inhabit a large portion of the world’s corals and are essential for the existence and well beingof tropical reef ecosystems. The initiation of this symbiosis was studied using the Red-Sea soft coral Heteroxenia fuscescens. Results show that the motile algal cells are attracted to chemical substancesemanating from the mouths of juvenile (zooxanthellae-free) polyps but not of adult (zooxanthellae-bearing) ones. The oral acquisition of symbionts is immediate; within 15 min of encountering thepolyp, 15.6 ± 5.2 cells gain access into it. Once initial acquisition is concluded, the net number ofalgae within the polyp does not change significantly over the next 3 h, while algae continue to pene-trate through and be expelled from the polyp mouth.KEY WORDS: Algal acquisition · Symbiosis · Coral reef · Zooxanthellae · Chemotaxis Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisher

Initiation of symbiosis between the soft coral Heteroxenia fuscescens and its zooxanthellae