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© Inter-Research 2004 · www.int-res.comDOI: 10.3354/meps275011Organisms at deep-sea hydrothermal vent or cold-seep communities represent oases ofprey in an otherwise prey-poor desert. Why deep-sea consumers that remove other dense foodpatches do not rapidly remove the high biomass of prey from these communities is unclear. Onepotential explanation is that hydrogen sulfide, or other metabolites, in these chemoautotrophic preycould be serving as chemical defenses against generalist consumers; however, neither the palatabilityof these prey nor their potential defenses have been assessed. We fed tissues from 10 species ofdeep-sea polychaetes and 2 species of bivalves to shallow-water fishes Fundulus heteroclitus andLeiostomus xanthurus or crabs Callinectes similis and Pachygrapsus crassipes to assess their palatabilityto generalist consumers. Tissues from 4 polychaetes (Archinome rosacea, Lamellibrachia luymesi,Riftia pachyptila, and Seepiophila jonesi) and 1 bivalve (Calyptogena magnifica) were rejectedby some consumers. Blood, which can be sulfide-rich, from R. pachyptila did not deter feeding. Sharpsetae deterred feeding on the polychaete A. rosacea, while the other unpalatable species producedchemical extracts that deterred feeding. All of the chemically deterrent species contained chemoautotrophicendosymbiotic bacteria, suggesting that these microbial symbionts may produce metabolitesthat defend their host species. In several instances, consumers encountering novel, deep-seaprey consumed more on the first day of feeding than on later dates, or initially rejected the foods, butthen consumed them after repeated encounters. Investigations with predators from the deep-sea arerequired to more fully understand the ecological role of prey defenses for deep-sea species

Chemical defense of hydrothermal vent and hydrocarbon seep organisms: a preliminary assessment using shallow-water consumers