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© Inter-Research 2003: www.int-res.comDOI: 10.3354/meps263299Numerous studies have investigated chemical defenses among sessile species growingon hard substrates, but few have addressed this for mobile species in soft-sediment communities. Weinvestigated the palatability and potential chemical defenses of 11 worm species from soft-sedimentsystems in southern Florida, USA. Three species were unpalatable to the bluehead wrasse Thalassomabifasciatum. The polychaete Cirriformia tentaculata and the hemichordate Ptychodera bahamensiswere uniformly unpalatable. For the polychaete Eupolymnia crassicornis, the exposed tentacles wereunpalatable, but the body, which remains protected in a deeply buried tube, was palatable. Theseunpalatable worms were chemically defended; extracts of C. tentaculata, P. bahamensis, and thetentacles of E. crassicornis deterred fish feeding. For C. tentaculata, bioassay-guided fractionationdemonstrated that a mixture of 3 closely related alkylpyrrole sulfamates deterred fish at naturallyoccurring concentrations (2-n-hexylpyrrole sulfamate [1.6% of worm dry mass], 2-n-heptylpyrrolesulfamate [3.1% dry mass], and 2-n-octylpyrrole sulfamate [0.8% dry mass]). This appears to be thefirst documentation of characterized natural products defending a marine worm from consumers. ForP. bahamensis and the tentacles of E. crassicornis, deterrent effects of crude extracts decomposedbefore specific compounds could be identifie

Palatability and defense of some tropical infaunal worms: alkylpyrrole sulfamates as deterrents to fish feeding