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Problems associated with increasing eutroph- ication of estuaries have stimulated many investigators to examine primary productivity and nutrient dynamics and transformations within and between the water column and sediments. Surprisingly, rocky surfaces, both natural and man-made, while comprising significant areas of many estu- aries, have received virtually no investigation. In the Douro River estuary (Portugal), a flooded granitic valley, human intervention has progressively replaced intertidal soft sedi- ments with hard surface areas. In this study we examine the role of the inorganic nutrient and metabolic dynamics of inter- tidal rocky biofilms in the lower estuary. Hourly net primary production (389 ± 168 mg O2 m -2 h -1 ) greatly exceeded hourly net respiration rates (50 ± 18 mg O2 m -2 h -1 ), results compara- ble to those of adjacent muddy and sandy sediments. These rocky biofilms consistently removed NO3 - and SiO4 4- from the water column (-595.4 ± 236.7 and -305.7 ± 209.6 µmoles m -2

Intertidal biofilms on rocky substratum can play a major role in estuarine carbon and nutrient dynamics