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The widespread aquatic pollutant nonylphenol has been found to induce long-term and transgenerational effects in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas that have not previously been reported. Evidence is provided demonstrat- ing that when larvae are exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of nonylphenol for a single 48 h exposure at a key stage in their development, long-term sexual develop- mental effects are induced. Data provided by this study sug- gest that exposure to 1 and 100 µg l -1 nonylphenol at Days 7 to 8 post-fertilization results in a change in the sex ratio towards females and an increase in the incidence of her- maphroditism (10 mo later, up to 30% of the resulting adults were fully functional hermaphrodites). Gamete viability is also affected, resulting in poor embryonic and larval devel- opment (up to 100% mortality) of the subsequent generation.

Long-term and transgenerational effects of nonylphenol exposure at a key stage in the development of Crassostrea gigas. Possible endocrine disruption?