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Developing Hormosira banksii embryos, used as bioassays in toxicity studies, identified ammonium as a toxicant in secondary treated sewage effluent discharged at Boags Rocks, Victoria, Australia. Ammonium did not affect fertilization but had a significant effect on germination at 48 h and cell division at 72 h with most damage occurring in the first 48 h. Ammonium showed a similar effect as whole effluent (when expressed as mg N l -1 ammonium), sampled in June, September and November 1997, on developing H. banksii embryos. This similarity is further confirmed with comparable EC 50 (concentration causing an effect on 50 % of the population tested) and LOEC (lowest observable effect concentration) values. Mean EC 50 values for the ammonium bioassays were 3.19 mg N l -1 for germination and 6.14 mg N l -1 for cell division. The range of mean EC 50 values for the 3 effluent samples were 3.15 to 5.28 mg N l -1 for germination and 3.53 to 6.43 mg N l -1 for cell division. These values are well below the median ammonium concentration (10.28 mg N l -1 ) calculated for Boags Rocks due to sewage effluent discharge.

marine ecology. progress series

Toxicity tests using developmental stages of Hormosira banksii (Phaeophyta) identify ammonium as a damaging component of secondary treated sewage effluent discharged into Bass Strait, Victoria, Australia