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The identification of the nutrients likely to limit phytoplankton in the Tuamotu Archipelago ocean (South Pacific subtropical gyre) is deduced from DIN (NO 3 + NO 2 - + NH 4 + ). PO 4 ++ , and SiO 2 in situ concentrations and strengthened by the results of 4 other studies on the same area: (1) O max . the maximum quantum yield of photosynthesis, (2) phytoplankton cell size, (3) nutrient enrichment on natural populations, (4) bacterial biomass and nutrient limitation of bacteria. The low O n and the small size of phytoplankton support the idea of nutrient control. Low DIN concentrations (mean = 0.02 μM), low average DIN:P-PO 4 ++ ratios = 0.3 at:at, low average DIN:SiO 2 = 0.04 at:at, and significant increases of phytoplankton standing stock and bacterial production after N enrichments point to N as the main limiting nutrient. P is the second limiting nutrient as evidenced by the relative low phosphate concentrations (0.2 μM) and by the synergetic effect of DIN + PO 4 + enrichments. Silicon concentrations appear to limit the proliferation of siliceous taxa as evidenced from its average concentration of 1 μM and from the scarcity of diatoms. Natural concentrations of vitamins, Mo, Mn, Fe and chelators are sufficient to support the increase of phytoplankton standing stock induced by N and P additions and therefore are not limiting.

Phytoplankton nutrient control in the oligotrophic South Pacific subtropical gyre (Tuamotu Archipelago)