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Prior studies have documented predator deterrence and antifouling activities for organic extracts of the Antarctic soft corals Alcyoniuni paessleri and Gersemia antarctica under surficial contact sltuatlons. Field observat~ons and subsequent seawater collt.ctions support the release of waterborne allelochemicals by these 2 species. A. paessleri and G. antarctica relcdsed organics totaling 1.54 and 1.26 mg I-' of seawater extracted, respectively. The compounds from A. paessleri were comprised of 8 6 % sterols by mass and they diluted to non-detectable levels within 1 to 2 cm of the colony surface. The absolute production rates for the sterols varled posllively with colony size and ranged from 3.4 to 6.6 mg I-' seawater extracted d.'. Three of the 4 sterols isolated from A. paessleri deterred seastar predators; Included amonysl these compounds was the primary nietabolite, choles t~rol . In contrast, G. antarctlca released many classes of con~pounds and few in any major quantities. Nonetheless, the organic fraction of seawater collected near this soft coral showed potent antibacterial activity dgainst 3 sympatric microbes. Bioautogi-aphy was used to guide isolation of the ant~microbial fraction which contained homarine, trigonelline, and a minor metabolite. Homarine was responsible for most of the bioact~vity noted d u r ~ n g the bioautography assay

Ecological roles for water-borne metabolites from Antarctic soft corals