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The Baltic clam Macoma balthica, a predominant species of macrofauna in the Gulf of Gdansk (Poland), is exposed to high concentrations of hydrogen sulphide at many locations in this bay. When oxygen is available, the species is able to detoxify penetrating sulphlde mainly by oxidizing it to non-toxlc thiosulphate. Sulphide influx rato can be quantified by calculation of the diffusion coefficient for total sulphide. A relatively low apparent diffusion coefficient of about 2 X 10 cm' S' l indicates that M. balthica is able to reduce sulphide dlffuslon by temporary valve closure. During oxic-sulphidic incubation, an equilibrium between sulphide diffusion and detoxification is established at a specific internal sulphide concentration, c,, which can be calculated by the following equation: c, = cn e '': '" where c, = Internal sulphide equilibrium concentration, c. = external sulphide concentration, k = apparent detoxificatlon constant, r,. = effective radius, and D = apparent diffusion coefficient. The ainount of accumulated sulphide in the tissues is strongly dependent on individual size. This IS confirmed by experiments as well as by fleld studies. After specific sulphide ~ncubatlons, only low internal sulphide concentrations are found In large clams, whereas small clams accumulate much more sulphide in the tissues. Field studies show a distinct reduction in numbers of small clams In high sulphidic areas. We conclude that efficient sulphide detoxificatlon seems possible only if the body slze exceeds a certain minimal value.

Significance of body size in sulphide detoxification in the Baltic clam Macoma balthica (Bivalvia, Tellinidae) in the Gulf of Gdansk