English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

The escape responses of many animals are finely adjusted to the risks of predation encountered in nature. Adult whelks Buccinum undatum from a population sympatric with the predatory asteroid Leptasterias polaris more readily exhibited violent leaping escape maneuvers (foot contortions), produced larger quantities of mucus, and more efficiently escaped predator attacks than adult whelks from a population allopatric with the asteroid. However, newly emerged whelks (recruits) from both populations did not resort to strong escape maneuvers to flee L. polaris, but they nevertheless increased their crawling activity. The behavioral response of recruits appears to be predator-specific in the sympatric population, but not in the allopatric population. In the sympatric population, the tendency of whelks to exhibit foot contortions under predation risk increased with size. Our results suggest that where whelks coexist with L. polaris the capacity to recognize this predator as a threat is innate, and elaborate antipredator behaviors develop during ontogeny. We hypothesize that the greater responsiveness of large individuals is adaptive as it enables them to take advantage of the feeding opportunities that arise from close associations with L. polaris. K E Y WORDS: Gastropod . Buccinum undatum . Defensive lesponses . Predation risk . Sympatry . Allopatry Ontogeny

Inter- and intra-population variations in the response of the whelk Buccinum undatum to the predatory asteroid Leptasterias polaris