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It has often been observed that the abundance of sea urchins is lower inside kelp forests and along their nearshore edges than outside their offshore boundaries. We tested the hypothesis that this distributional pattern is a reflection of settlement patterns by monitoring settlement on artificial surfaces at 3 kelp forests near San Diego, California. USA. We estimated settlement at paired sites under the canopy and outside the offshore edge of the kelp forests and at paired sites located 20 m outside the canopy near the inshore and offshore boundaries of each kelp forest. There was no evidence of an effect of dense stands of giant kelp on the settlement of purple sea urchins. The results for red sea urchins were ambiguous; in 3 of 7 comparisons, average settlement was h ~ g h e r or observations of higher settlement were more frequent offshore from the kelp forest than elsewhere. Although this could result from different effects on the 2 species, we think ~t probably was due to accidents of sampling We conclude that the distributional patterns of purple and red sea urchins relative to kelp forests are unllkely to reflect larval availability or settlement, but are more probably a function of post-settlement events We qualify our concl.usions because of the tremendous temporal variability in the physical and biological factors that can, potentially affect the local distnbution of sea urchin larvae. The 2 years of this study may be short relative to natural cycles.

marine ecology. progress series

Effects of kelp forests Macrocystis pyrifera on the larval distribution and settlement of red and purple sea urchins Strongylocentrotus franciscanus and S. purpuratus